737bcb0eca
The redirects work, but it's nicer to just use opendev links directly. Also, update shade, which is in openstack namespace now. Depends-On: https://review.opendev.org/654230 Depends-On: https://review.opendev.org/654233 Change-Id: Id559b79c2aefda50fa3ec0feedf6d8c52a687a75
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ReStructuredText
810 lines
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ReStructuredText
================
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Multi-Cloud Demo
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================
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This document contains a presentation in `presentty`_ format. If you want to
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walk through it like a presentation, install `presentty` and run:
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.. code:: bash
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presentty doc/source/user/multi-cloud-demo.rst
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The content is hopefully helpful even if it's not being narrated, so it's being
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included in the `shade` docs.
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.. _presentty: https://pypi.org/project/presentty
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Using Multiple OpenStack Clouds Easily with Shade
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=================================================
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Who am I?
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=========
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Monty Taylor
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* OpenStack Infra Core
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* irc: mordred
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* twitter: @e_monty
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What are we going to talk about?
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================================
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`shade`
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* a task and end-user oriented Python library
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* abstracts deployment differences
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* designed for multi-cloud
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* simple to use
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* massive scale
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* optional advanced features to handle 20k servers a day
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* Initial logic/design extracted from nodepool
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* Librified to re-use in Ansible
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shade is Free Software
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======================
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* https://opendev.org/openstack/shade
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* openstack-discuss@lists.openstack.org
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* #openstack-shade on freenode
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This talk is Free Software, too
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===============================
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* Written for presentty (https://pypi.org/project/presentty)
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* doc/source/multi-cloud-demo.rst
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* examples in doc/source/examples
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* Paths subject to change- this is the first presentation in tree!
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Complete Example
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================
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.. code:: python
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from openstack import cloud as openstack
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# Initialize and turn on debug logging
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openstack.enable_logging(debug=True)
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for cloud_name, region_name in [
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('my-vexxhost', 'ca-ymq-1'),
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('my-citycloud', 'Buf1'),
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('my-internap', 'ams01')]:
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# Initialize cloud
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cloud = openstack.connect(cloud=cloud_name, region_name=region_name)
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# Upload an image to the cloud
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image = cloud.create_image(
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'devuan-jessie', filename='devuan-jessie.qcow2', wait=True)
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# Find a flavor with at least 512M of RAM
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flavor = cloud.get_flavor_by_ram(512)
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# Boot a server, wait for it to boot, and then do whatever is needed
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# to get a public ip for it.
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cloud.create_server(
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'my-server', image=image, flavor=flavor, wait=True, auto_ip=True)
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Let's Take a Few Steps Back
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===========================
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Multi-cloud is easy, but you need to know a few things.
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* Terminology
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* Config
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* Shade API
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Cloud Terminology
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=================
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Let's define a few terms, so that we can use them with ease:
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* `cloud` - logically related collection of services
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* `region` - completely independent subset of a given cloud
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* `patron` - human who has an account
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* `user` - account on a cloud
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* `project` - logical collection of cloud resources
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* `domain` - collection of users and projects
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Cloud Terminology Relationships
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===============================
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* A `cloud` has one or more `regions`
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* A `patron` has one or more `users`
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* A `patron` has one or more `projects`
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* A `cloud` has one or more `domains`
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* In a `cloud` with one `domain` it is named "default"
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* Each `patron` may have their own `domain`
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* Each `user` is in one `domain`
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* Each `project` is in one `domain`
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* A `user` has one or more `roles` on one or more `projects`
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HTTP Sessions
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=============
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* HTTP interactions are authenticated via keystone
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* Authenticating returns a `token`
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* An authenticated HTTP Session is shared across a `region`
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Cloud Regions
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=============
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A `cloud region` is the basic unit of REST interaction.
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* A `cloud` has a `service catalog`
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* The `service catalog` is returned in the `token`
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* The `service catalog` lists `endpoint` for each `service` in each `region`
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* A `region` is completely autonomous
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Users, Projects and Domains
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===========================
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In clouds with multiple domains, project and user names are
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only unique within a region.
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* Names require `domain` information for uniqueness. IDs do not.
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* Providing `domain` information when not needed is fine.
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* `project_name` requires `project_domain_name` or `project_domain_id`
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* `project_id` does not
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* `username` requires `user_domain_name` or `user_domain_id`
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* `user_id` does not
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Confused Yet?
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=============
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Don't worry - you don't have to deal with most of that.
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Auth per cloud, select per region
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=================================
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In general, the thing you need to know is:
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* Configure authentication per `cloud`
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* Select config to use by `cloud` and `region`
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clouds.yaml
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===========
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Information about the clouds you want to connect to is stored in a file
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called `clouds.yaml`.
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`clouds.yaml` can be in your homedir: `~/.config/openstack/clouds.yaml`
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or system-wide: `/etc/openstack/clouds.yaml`.
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Information in your homedir, if it exists, takes precedence.
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Full docs on `clouds.yaml` are at
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https://docs.openstack.org/os-client-config/latest/
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What about Mac and Windows?
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===========================
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`USER_CONFIG_DIR` is different on Linux, OSX and Windows.
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* Linux: `~/.config/openstack`
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* OSX: `~/Library/Application Support/openstack`
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* Windows: `C:\\Users\\USERNAME\\AppData\\Local\\OpenStack\\openstack`
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`SITE_CONFIG_DIR` is different on Linux, OSX and Windows.
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* Linux: `/etc/openstack`
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* OSX: `/Library/Application Support/openstack`
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* Windows: `C:\\ProgramData\\OpenStack\\openstack`
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Config Terminology
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==================
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For multi-cloud, think of two types:
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* `profile` - Facts about the `cloud` that are true for everyone
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* `cloud` - Information specific to a given `user`
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Apologies for the use of `cloud` twice.
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Environment Variables and Simple Usage
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======================================
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* Environment variables starting with `OS_` go into a cloud called `envvars`
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* If you only have one cloud, you don't have to specify it
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* `OS_CLOUD` and `OS_REGION_NAME` are default values for
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`cloud` and `region_name`
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TOO MUCH TALKING - NOT ENOUGH CODE
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==================================
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basic clouds.yaml for the example code
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======================================
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Simple example of a clouds.yaml
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* Config for a named `cloud` "my-citycloud"
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* Reference a well-known "named" profile: `citycloud`
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* `os-client-config` has a built-in list of profiles at
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https://docs.openstack.org/openstacksdk/latest/user/config/vendor-support.html
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* Vendor profiles contain various advanced config
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* `cloud` name can match `profile` name (using different names for clarity)
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.. code:: yaml
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clouds:
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my-citycloud:
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profile: citycloud
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auth:
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username: mordred
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project_id: 65222a4d09ea4c68934fa1028c77f394
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user_domain_id: d0919bd5e8d74e49adf0e145807ffc38
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project_domain_id: d0919bd5e8d74e49adf0e145807ffc38
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Where's the password?
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secure.yaml
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===========
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* Optional additional file just like `clouds.yaml`
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* Values overlaid on `clouds.yaml`
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* Useful if you want to protect secrets more stringently
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Example secure.yaml
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===================
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* No, my password isn't XXXXXXXX
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* `cloud` name should match `clouds.yaml`
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* Optional - I actually keep mine in my `clouds.yaml`
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.. code:: yaml
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clouds:
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my-citycloud:
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auth:
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password: XXXXXXXX
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more clouds.yaml
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================
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More information can be provided.
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* Use v3 of the `identity` API - even if others are present
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* Use `https://image-ca-ymq-1.vexxhost.net/v2` for `image` API
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instead of what's in the catalog
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.. code:: yaml
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my-vexxhost:
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identity_api_version: 3
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image_endpoint_override: https://image-ca-ymq-1.vexxhost.net/v2
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profile: vexxhost
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auth:
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user_domain_id: default
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project_domain_id: default
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project_name: d8af8a8f-a573-48e6-898a-af333b970a2d
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username: 0b8c435b-cc4d-4e05-8a47-a2ada0539af1
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Much more complex clouds.yaml example
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=====================================
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* Not using a profile - all settings included
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* In the `ams01` `region` there are two networks with undiscoverable qualities
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* Each one are labeled here so choices can be made
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* Any of the settings can be specific to a `region` if needed
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* `region` settings override `cloud` settings
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* `cloud` does not support `floating-ips`
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.. code:: yaml
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my-internap:
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auth:
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auth_url: https://identity.api.cloud.iweb.com
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username: api-55f9a00fb2619
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project_name: inap-17037
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identity_api_version: 3
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floating_ip_source: None
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regions:
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- name: ams01
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values:
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networks:
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- name: inap-17037-WAN1654
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routes_externally: true
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default_interface: true
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- name: inap-17037-LAN3631
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routes_externally: false
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Complete Example Again
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======================
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.. code:: python
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from openstack import cloud as openstack
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# Initialize and turn on debug logging
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openstack.enable_logging(debug=True)
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for cloud_name, region_name in [
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('my-vexxhost', 'ca-ymq-1'),
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('my-citycloud', 'Buf1'),
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('my-internap', 'ams01')]:
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# Initialize cloud
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cloud = openstack.connect(cloud=cloud_name, region_name=region_name)
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# Upload an image to the cloud
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image = cloud.create_image(
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'devuan-jessie', filename='devuan-jessie.qcow2', wait=True)
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# Find a flavor with at least 512M of RAM
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flavor = cloud.get_flavor_by_ram(512)
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# Boot a server, wait for it to boot, and then do whatever is needed
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# to get a public ip for it.
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cloud.create_server(
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'my-server', image=image, flavor=flavor, wait=True, auto_ip=True)
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Step By Step
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============
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Import the library
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==================
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.. code:: python
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from openstack import cloud as openstack
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Logging
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=======
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* `openstacksdk` uses standard python logging
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* ``openstack.enable_logging`` does easy defaults
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* Squelches some meaningless warnings
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* `debug`
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* Logs shade loggers at debug level
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* `http_debug` Implies `debug`, turns on HTTP tracing
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.. code:: python
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# Initialize and turn on debug logging
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openstack.enable_logging(debug=True)
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Example with Debug Logging
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==========================
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* doc/source/examples/debug-logging.py
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.. code:: python
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from openstack import cloud as openstack
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openstack.enable_logging(debug=True)
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cloud = openstack.connect(
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cloud='my-vexxhost', region_name='ca-ymq-1')
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cloud.get_image('Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS [2017-03-03]')
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Example with HTTP Debug Logging
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===============================
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* doc/source/examples/http-debug-logging.py
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.. code:: python
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from openstack import cloud as openstack
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openstack.enable_logging(http_debug=True)
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cloud = openstack.connect(
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cloud='my-vexxhost', region_name='ca-ymq-1')
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cloud.get_image('Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS [2017-03-03]')
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Cloud Regions
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=============
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* `cloud` constructor needs `cloud` and `region_name`
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* `openstack.connect` is a helper factory function
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.. code:: python
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for cloud_name, region_name in [
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('my-vexxhost', 'ca-ymq-1'),
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('my-citycloud', 'Buf1'),
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('my-internap', 'ams01')]:
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# Initialize cloud
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cloud = openstack.connect(cloud=cloud_name, region_name=region_name)
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Upload an Image
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===============
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* Picks the correct upload mechanism
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* **SUGGESTION** Always upload your own base images
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.. code:: python
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# Upload an image to the cloud
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image = cloud.create_image(
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'devuan-jessie', filename='devuan-jessie.qcow2', wait=True)
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Always Upload an Image
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======================
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Ok. You don't have to. But, for multi-cloud...
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* Images with same content are named different on different clouds
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* Images with same name on different clouds can have different content
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* Upload your own to all clouds, both problems go away
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* Download from OS vendor or build with `diskimage-builder`
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Find a flavor
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=============
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* Flavors are all named differently on clouds
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* Flavors can be found via RAM
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* `get_flavor_by_ram` finds the smallest matching flavor
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.. code:: python
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# Find a flavor with at least 512M of RAM
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flavor = cloud.get_flavor_by_ram(512)
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Create a server
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===============
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* my-vexxhost
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* Boot server
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* Wait for `status==ACTIVE`
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* my-internap
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* Boot server on network `inap-17037-WAN1654`
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* Wait for `status==ACTIVE`
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* my-citycloud
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* Boot server
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* Wait for `status==ACTIVE`
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* Find the `port` for the `fixed_ip` for `server`
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* Create `floating-ip` on that `port`
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* Wait for `floating-ip` to attach
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.. code:: python
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# Boot a server, wait for it to boot, and then do whatever is needed
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# to get a public ip for it.
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cloud.create_server(
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'my-server', image=image, flavor=flavor, wait=True, auto_ip=True)
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Wow. We didn't even deploy Wordpress!
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=====================================
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Image and Flavor by Name or ID
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==============================
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* Pass string to image/flavor
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* Image/Flavor will be found by name or ID
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* Common pattern
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* doc/source/examples/create-server-name-or-id.py
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.. code:: python
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from openstack import cloud as openstack
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# Initialize and turn on debug logging
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openstack.enable_logging(debug=True)
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for cloud_name, region_name, image, flavor in [
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('my-vexxhost', 'ca-ymq-1',
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'Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS [2017-03-03]', 'v1-standard-4'),
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('my-citycloud', 'Buf1',
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'Ubuntu 16.04 Xenial Xerus', '4C-4GB-100GB'),
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('my-internap', 'ams01',
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'Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial Xerus)', 'A1.4')]:
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# Initialize cloud
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cloud = openstack.connect(cloud=cloud_name, region_name=region_name)
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# Boot a server, wait for it to boot, and then do whatever is needed
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# to get a public ip for it.
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server = cloud.create_server(
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'my-server', image=image, flavor=flavor, wait=True, auto_ip=True)
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print(server.name)
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print(server['name'])
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cloud.pprint(server)
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# Delete it - this is a demo
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cloud.delete_server(server, wait=True, delete_ips=True)
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cloud.pprint method was just added this morning
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===============================================
|
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Delete Servers
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==============
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* `delete_ips` Delete any `floating_ips` the server may have
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.. code:: python
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cloud.delete_server('my-server', wait=True, delete_ips=True)
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Image and Flavor by Dict
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========================
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* Pass dict to image/flavor
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* If you know if the value is Name or ID
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* Common pattern
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* doc/source/examples/create-server-dict.py
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.. code:: python
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from openstack import cloud as openstack
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# Initialize and turn on debug logging
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openstack.enable_logging(debug=True)
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for cloud_name, region_name, image, flavor_id in [
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('my-vexxhost', 'ca-ymq-1', 'Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS [2017-03-03]',
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'5cf64088-893b-46b5-9bb1-ee020277635d'),
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('my-citycloud', 'Buf1', 'Ubuntu 16.04 Xenial Xerus',
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'0dab10b5-42a2-438e-be7b-505741a7ffcc'),
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('my-internap', 'ams01', 'Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial Xerus)',
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'A1.4')]:
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# Initialize cloud
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cloud = openstack.connect(cloud=cloud_name, region_name=region_name)
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# Boot a server, wait for it to boot, and then do whatever is needed
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# to get a public ip for it.
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server = cloud.create_server(
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'my-server', image=image, flavor=dict(id=flavor_id),
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wait=True, auto_ip=True)
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# Delete it - this is a demo
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cloud.delete_server(server, wait=True, delete_ips=True)
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Munch Objects
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=============
|
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* Behave like a dict and an object
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* doc/source/examples/munch-dict-object.py
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|
|
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.. code:: python
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|
|
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from openstack import cloud as openstack
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openstack.enable_logging(debug=True)
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|
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cloud = openstack.connect(cloud='zetta', region_name='no-osl1')
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image = cloud.get_image('Ubuntu 14.04 (AMD64) [Local Storage]')
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print(image.name)
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print(image['name'])
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|
|
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API Organized by Logical Resource
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|
=================================
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|
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* list_servers
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* search_servers
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* get_server
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* create_server
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* delete_server
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* update_server
|
|
|
|
For other things, it's still {verb}_{noun}
|
|
|
|
* attach_volume
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* wait_for_server
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|
* add_auto_ip
|
|
|
|
Cleanup Script
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|
==============
|
|
|
|
* Sometimes my examples had bugs
|
|
* doc/source/examples/cleanup-servers.py
|
|
|
|
.. code:: python
|
|
|
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from openstack import cloud as openstack
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|
|
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# Initialize and turn on debug logging
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openstack.enable_logging(debug=True)
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|
|
|
for cloud_name, region_name in [
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|
('my-vexxhost', 'ca-ymq-1'),
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|
('my-citycloud', 'Buf1'),
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|
('my-internap', 'ams01')]:
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|
# Initialize cloud
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|
cloud = openstack.connect(cloud=cloud_name, region_name=region_name)
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|
for server in cloud.search_servers('my-server'):
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|
cloud.delete_server(server, wait=True, delete_ips=True)
|
|
|
|
Normalization
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|
=============
|
|
|
|
* https://docs.openstack.org/shade/latest/user/model.html#image
|
|
* doc/source/examples/normalization.py
|
|
|
|
.. code:: python
|
|
|
|
from openstack import cloud as openstack
|
|
openstack.enable_logging()
|
|
|
|
cloud = openstack.connect(cloud='fuga', region_name='cystack')
|
|
image = cloud.get_image(
|
|
'Ubuntu 16.04 LTS - Xenial Xerus - 64-bit - Fuga Cloud Based Image')
|
|
cloud.pprint(image)
|
|
|
|
Strict Normalized Results
|
|
=========================
|
|
|
|
* Return only the declared model
|
|
* doc/source/examples/strict-mode.py
|
|
|
|
.. code:: python
|
|
|
|
from openstack import cloud as openstack
|
|
openstack.enable_logging()
|
|
|
|
cloud = openstack.connect(
|
|
cloud='fuga', region_name='cystack', strict=True)
|
|
image = cloud.get_image(
|
|
'Ubuntu 16.04 LTS - Xenial Xerus - 64-bit - Fuga Cloud Based Image')
|
|
cloud.pprint(image)
|
|
|
|
How Did I Find the Image Name for the Last Example?
|
|
===================================================
|
|
|
|
* I often make stupid little utility scripts
|
|
* doc/source/examples/find-an-image.py
|
|
|
|
.. code:: python
|
|
|
|
from openstack import cloud as openstack
|
|
openstack.enable_logging()
|
|
|
|
cloud = openstack.connect(cloud='fuga', region_name='cystack')
|
|
cloud.pprint([
|
|
image for image in cloud.list_images()
|
|
if 'ubuntu' in image.name.lower()])
|
|
|
|
Added / Modified Information
|
|
============================
|
|
|
|
* Servers need more extra help
|
|
* Fetch addresses dict from neutron
|
|
* Figure out which IPs are good
|
|
* `detailed` - defaults to True, add everything
|
|
* `bare` - no extra calls - don't even fix broken things
|
|
* `bare` is still normalized
|
|
* doc/source/examples/server-information.py
|
|
|
|
.. code:: python
|
|
|
|
from openstack import cloud as openstack
|
|
openstack.enable_logging(debug=True)
|
|
|
|
cloud = openstack.connect(cloud='my-citycloud', region_name='Buf1')
|
|
try:
|
|
server = cloud.create_server(
|
|
'my-server', image='Ubuntu 16.04 Xenial Xerus',
|
|
flavor=dict(id='0dab10b5-42a2-438e-be7b-505741a7ffcc'),
|
|
wait=True, auto_ip=True)
|
|
|
|
print("\n\nFull Server\n\n")
|
|
cloud.pprint(server)
|
|
|
|
print("\n\nTurn Detailed Off\n\n")
|
|
cloud.pprint(cloud.get_server('my-server', detailed=False))
|
|
|
|
print("\n\nBare Server\n\n")
|
|
cloud.pprint(cloud.get_server('my-server', bare=True))
|
|
|
|
finally:
|
|
# Delete it - this is a demo
|
|
cloud.delete_server(server, wait=True, delete_ips=True)
|
|
|
|
Exceptions
|
|
==========
|
|
|
|
* All shade exceptions are subclasses of `OpenStackCloudException`
|
|
* Direct REST calls throw `OpenStackCloudHTTPError`
|
|
* `OpenStackCloudHTTPError` subclasses `OpenStackCloudException`
|
|
and `requests.exceptions.HTTPError`
|
|
* `OpenStackCloudURINotFound` for 404
|
|
* `OpenStackCloudBadRequest` for 400
|
|
|
|
User Agent Info
|
|
===============
|
|
|
|
* Set `app_name` and `app_version` for User Agents
|
|
* (sssh ... `region_name` is optional if the cloud has one region)
|
|
* doc/source/examples/user-agent.py
|
|
|
|
.. code:: python
|
|
|
|
from openstack import cloud as openstack
|
|
openstack.enable_logging(http_debug=True)
|
|
|
|
cloud = openstack.connect(
|
|
cloud='datacentred', app_name='AmazingApp', app_version='1.0')
|
|
cloud.list_networks()
|
|
|
|
Uploading Large Objects
|
|
=======================
|
|
|
|
* swift has a maximum object size
|
|
* Large Objects are uploaded specially
|
|
* shade figures this out and does it
|
|
* multi-threaded
|
|
* doc/source/examples/upload-object.py
|
|
|
|
.. code:: python
|
|
|
|
from openstack import cloud as openstack
|
|
openstack.enable_logging(debug=True)
|
|
|
|
cloud = openstack.connect(cloud='ovh', region_name='SBG1')
|
|
cloud.create_object(
|
|
container='my-container', name='my-object',
|
|
filename='/home/mordred/briarcliff.sh3d')
|
|
cloud.delete_object('my-container', 'my-object')
|
|
cloud.delete_container('my-container')
|
|
|
|
Uploading Large Objects
|
|
=======================
|
|
|
|
* Default max_file_size is 5G
|
|
* This is a conference demo
|
|
* Let's force a segment_size
|
|
* One MILLION bytes
|
|
* doc/source/examples/upload-object.py
|
|
|
|
.. code:: python
|
|
|
|
from openstack import cloud as openstack
|
|
openstack.enable_logging(debug=True)
|
|
|
|
cloud = openstack.connect(cloud='ovh', region_name='SBG1')
|
|
cloud.create_object(
|
|
container='my-container', name='my-object',
|
|
filename='/home/mordred/briarcliff.sh3d',
|
|
segment_size=1000000)
|
|
cloud.delete_object('my-container', 'my-object')
|
|
cloud.delete_container('my-container')
|
|
|
|
Service Conditionals
|
|
====================
|
|
|
|
.. code:: python
|
|
|
|
from openstack import cloud as openstack
|
|
openstack.enable_logging(debug=True)
|
|
|
|
cloud = openstack.connect(cloud='kiss', region_name='region1')
|
|
print(cloud.has_service('network'))
|
|
print(cloud.has_service('container-orchestration'))
|
|
|
|
Service Conditional Overrides
|
|
=============================
|
|
|
|
* Sometimes clouds are weird and figuring that out won't work
|
|
|
|
.. code:: python
|
|
|
|
from openstack import cloud as openstack
|
|
openstack.enable_logging(debug=True)
|
|
|
|
cloud = openstack.connect(cloud='rax', region_name='DFW')
|
|
print(cloud.has_service('network'))
|
|
|
|
.. code:: yaml
|
|
|
|
clouds:
|
|
rax:
|
|
profile: rackspace
|
|
auth:
|
|
username: mordred
|
|
project_id: 245018
|
|
# This is already in profile: rackspace
|
|
has_network: false
|
|
|
|
Coming Soon
|
|
===========
|
|
|
|
* Completion of RESTification
|
|
* Full version discovery support
|
|
* Multi-cloud facade layer
|
|
* Microversion support (talk tomorrow)
|
|
* Completion of caching tier (talk tomorrow)
|
|
* All of you helping hacking on shade!!! (we're friendly)
|